Reading+1

=Super 7ptsReading log 1 - Using Mathematical Models to Study the Dispersion of Exotic Marine Species =

 __Before reading__  **-fish, water, deep, biology, temperatures, oceans, experiment, climate, world, geography**  **I can use math to calculate the extition time of a marine specie**  Jellyfish are fish-eating animals that float in the sea - only a few jellyfish live in fresh water. They have soft bodies and long, stinging, poisonous tentacles that they use to catch fish. Venom is sent out through stinging cells called nematocysts. A jellyfish is 98% water. []
 * Read the tilte and list 10 words you think you might find in the text.
 * How can you use math applied to biology. Mention one thing you can think of.
 * What do you know about jelly fish? What kind of fish is it? If you don't know, find out, cut and paste an image of this fish.

Please acknowledge the source. Dispersion. The scattering of the values of a frequency distribution (of data) from an average.
 * What is dispersion? If you don't know, find out, please acknowledge the source.

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__While Reading and After Reading__ 1. Click on the following link so that you can read the article. [] 2. Try to locate the words you though you were going to find in the text (question 1 before reading) List the words you found **-fish, water, biology, temperatures, oceans, experiment, climate, world, geography**

3. Find what the following referents in bold letters refer to in the text:

Aurelia the world-wide dispersal post-dates European global shipping and trade
 * The species of Jellyfish studied are known as Aurelia and **these** are found over much of the world’s temperate oceans.
 * By simulating the movement of the jellyfish over a 7,000-year period the study provides strong evidence that the world-wide dispersal post-dates European global shipping and trade, **which** began almost 500 years ago.

the ships (both concern to the ships) computer model natural dispersal
 * Ships take in water for stability before a voyage and, despite preventative measures such as mid-ocean exchange/ flushing, **this 'foreign' water** and **its contents** can find its way into bays and harbours at the ships destination.
 * The computer model could answer similar questions about the migration and introduction of any suspected non-native marine creatures, according to **its** developers Professor Matthew England and Alex Sen Gupta.
 * Now we have a tool that can include data on currents, geography and the biology of an organism to help separate natural dispersal **from that which happens** through shipping and trade

4. What is happening with the fish? Marine environments around the world are being threatened by exotic species of moon jellyfish being dispersed by international shipping and trade 5. What explanation scientists had given? By simulating the movement of the jellyfish (shown in Fig. 2) over a 7,000-year period the study provides strong evidence that the world-wide dispersal post-dates European global shipping and trade, which began almost 500 years ago.

6. What did mathematicians find out? What does the formula explain?

Using genetic data and computer simulations of ocean currents and water temperatures, researchers from the School of Mathematics and Statistics, UNSW and the University of California, Davis, have revealed that the jellyfish could not have migrated naturally. The species of Jellyfish studied are known as Aurelia and these are found over much of the world’s temperate oceans. To investigate the limits of natural dispersion of species of the moon jellyfish over multi century time scales, the researchers developed a global Lagrangian model incorporating representative life-history characteristics of the moon jellyfish.

The researchers used both the known lifecycle of the moon jellyfish and climate and ocean current information to create a mathematical model of their dispersion over time. Each experiment was based on the virtual release of 20 000 lavae from known moon jellyfish zones of occurrence (see red coastal zones of Fig. 2). The model can be summarised by:


 * [[image:http://www.maths.unsw.edu.au/images/user/homepage/jellyeqn.jpg caption="The equation"]] ||