Argumentation

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I. Argumentation

When argumenting you defend and justify your thoughts and you also argue about different solutions to given problems. Your arguments might be favoring something or against something. People might justify their ideas by using facts or opinions. Your job is to distinguish among facts and opinions and to be able to use them properly. II. Assignment:

a. Please visit the following web page and read all about argumenting. Please answer the following questions in your wiki [|http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/659/01/] 

1. What is a "syllogism"? Think of an example and write it down. It is an argumentative method leads to a logical conclusion based on a statement and a premise related to it. Example: All people need to eat well Mary is a person therefore, Mary needs to eat well. 

2. Then click on the link "using logic" and write a list of all the important words (key words) used when writing an argumentative paper. Premise: (all..... are, the people that ...... are, since, for) (This normally are statements) Conclusion: (is..... because, are..... because, therefore, so, as a result) Argument Syllogism: (This is compound by two or more statements and a conclusion) Enthymeme: (this is a short syllogism) (this is compound by one statement and a direct conclusion) Induction Deduction (by this reason)

3. Now click on "logical fallacies" and mention the types of logical fallacies that exist. Write an example of each one. __Slippery slope:__ If I consume alcohol excessively, I would damage almost all of my organs, so I must not consume alcohol __Hasty Generalization:__ Even though it's cold in the morning, I can tell that today is going to be a sunny day. __Post hoc ergo propter hoc:__ If I shaved and now I have a rash, so the shaver made me have rashes. __Genetic Fallacy:__ Someone who wears a black shirt is rocker because the Rockers always get dressed everything of black. __Begging the Claim:__ Filthy and dangerous abortion should be penalized. __Circular Argument:__ The school "La Salle" is a good institution because students spend their internal tests of the universities __Either/or:__ I can either stop vaccinate my dog or it will have bad of rage. __Ad hominem:__ The kids today are not good because their parents have to work long and do not address them. __Ad populum:__ If you were a good student you wouldn´t have necessity to be copied. __Red Herring:__ The people addicted to casinos, so it should be closed, but what would happen to the people who work there? __Straw Man:__ People who don't meet the laws, is because don't want the advance of the country. __Moral Equivalence:__ In the Mary's accident on the bike had so many dead as the Twin Towers bombing in the U.S. **Good**

4. "Logic in Writing" is an esencial link for you to use when writing your argumentative essay. Please keep it in mind and revise it when possible. b. Fact or opinion. Please do the following exercises As I said before it is very important for you to determine if something is a fact or an opinion. Go to the following link and do the exercises. Please check your answers.

[|http://www.teachingandlearningresources.co.uk/factoropinion.shtml] Decide which of these statements are fact or opinion from the drop-down list, then click on the "Finished" button to obtain your score out of ten. 1. Smoking is a nasty habit. (Opinion) 2. Smoking is an unhealthy habit. (Fact) 3. Daffodils are the prettiest of all the spring flowers. (Opinion) 4. Summer is the best season of all. (Opinion) 5. London is the best city to visit when touring in England. (Opinion) 6. London is the capital city of England. (Fact) 7. Mary is the best shot in the netball team. (Opinion) 8. John scored the most goals this season. (Fact) 9. Football is better than netball. (Opinion) 10. Swimming is a good way to keep fit. (Fact) **Yes**  c. Read the text "Special Relativity" in : [|http://users.powernet.co.uk/bearsoft/SpRel.html] read it and extract the arguments the author gives, paste them in your wiki. Explain if the arguments are in favor or against the relativity of time theory.

The arguments __in that the__ **which express that the** <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">author is against the relative motion and gravity, described by Einstein are:

“I believe Einstein's fundamental error to be that he confuses the measurement of time with the passage of time. Einstein would say that relative motion and gravity both have the effect of slowing time. I prefer to regard time as an absolute and say that relative motion and gravity slow time dependent processes.” <span style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white; color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> “I believe Einstein's theories of special relativity and general relativity to be wrong because they describe the universe as having a fourth dimension of time in addition to the three dimensions of length width and height.”

“The question arises as to whether a magnetic field is a real entity, or an artefact of the relative movement of the observer who measures it. Relativity supporters will say that the latter is true. Others will disagree. Many I suspect hold both views from time to time depending on the context within which the subject comes to mind. As we follow the history of the subject, we find that the early experimenters took the view that magnetic fields were real and that they were located around the magnet or electric circuit generating them. Maxwell was the first to assume otherwise. His understanding of magnetic fields is that they are composed of a flux which is stationary in the aether. When he moves a magnet, the magnetic field decays behind it and is built up in front of it. This requires a movement of energy from the back to the front of the moving field described by the Poynting vector. This concept lives on in our explanation of the way in which radio waves convey energy, and in the theory of how energy is conveyed by the electricity main into every home. In relativity, the magnetic field is stationary in the reference frame of an observer who observes it because it is an artefact of their observation.”

<span style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white; color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">“There is thus a property of local absolute stationary-ness which I call "stasis" against which moving electric charges generate magnetic fields. The speed of light is constant relative to stasis. My prediction is that the surface of the earth moves through stasis with two significant components of velocity, one of about 16 metres per second in the direction of its path around the sun; the other, which varies with latitude, equal to half the surface velocity due to rotation, in a westerly direction.”